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Chiridoni Cave in Kefalonia

September 23-30, 2001

Hellas Underwater Explorers - Chiridoni cave lake exploration expedition in Kefalonia 2001

Article: George PetrouUnderwater Video: George PetrouPhotos: Vandoros Georgios, Vizentzatos Makis, Speggos Aris, Vassilopoulos Charilaos, George Petrou

Chiridoni is a cave diving challenge along with the cave caves of Agia Eleousa and Agia Theodorou. In 2001, such an expedition was an extreme situation that seemed very difficult. A previous exploration there had been carried out by the team of Vasilis Giannopoulos with Jean-Jacques Bolanz, Louigi Casati and Patrick Deriaz. The large team of Hellas Underwater Explorers organized the support extremely well and the few cave divers led by Giorgos Petrou made some of the most beautiful dives of their lives in an incredibly magical world.

Expedition to explore the Chiridoni cave lake in Kefalonia, the chronicle

Το Χιριδόνι- Η μέγα πρόκληση
Έχοντας ήδη καταδυθεί και εξερευνήσει τα λιμνοσπήλαια Μελισάνη και Ζερβάτη, η ημέρα για το πιο δύσκολο εξερευνητικό μας εγχείρημα έφθασε.

A real challenge for everyone. The Hiridoni is a very steep, steep abyss that will require a lot of sweat to conquer. And indeed, in the heat, our team begins to lower its very heavy equipment. We pass through the dense foliage of the mountain forest and feel the thorns and chafing on our feet while the sweat drips down on us. We reach a small plateau where our headquarters will be set up. At this point, our team holds a meeting where it organizes its actions in detail.

Everyone has taken on a responsibility. Thick ropes that extend from the top to the bottom of the abyss allow us to ascend and descend ourselves and our equipment with greater comfort and, of course, safety.

Only the very experienced technical divers of the A group (Full Cave diving) will dive into this underwater cave. All of us helped in the hard work that would follow and the help of each member of the expedition was very important. Without the proper surface support, nothing would have been possible in this difficult place. Slowly and carefully, we equip ourselves and all of us descend to the lowest point of the abyss. Here, a craggy cliff with vertical walls of about 10 meters is our next obstacle. We put a ladder that rests on a depression that we have dug in a small recess and is supported by wooden stakes below and tied with ropes from above.

Η παραμικρή μας κίνηση προκαλεί την πτώση ενός χειμάρρου από πέτρες. Τα κράνη κάνανε πολύ δουλειά πάνω σε αυτό το θέμα. Εν συνεχεία η εφευρετικότητα του Κώστα Τσιόρβα ξεχωρίζει καθώς αναλαμβάνοντας πρωτοβουλία κάνει φοβερά πράγματα. Παίρνοντας μαδέρια & τάβλες κατασκευάζει μια ξύλινη σκάλα που ξεκινάει από τα μισά του γκρεμού και φτάνει μέχρι μέσα στην γαλαρία με το νερό!!! Τοποθετούμε και μεταλλικές σίτες για να προστατευθούμε από τις πέτρες που ακατάπαυστα πέφτουν από τα σαθρά τοιχώματα του βουνού. Οι σίτες αυτές ακόμη και σήμερα κάνουν την δουλειά τους.....

Θα καταδυθούμε να κάνουμε εξερεύνηση/διείσδυση με ένα ολόκληρο βουνό από πάνω μας σε 3 ομάδες. Οι ομάδες αυτές θα είναι:
ομάδα οι Πέτρου (video), Μικέλης (οδηγός διείσδυσης) & Κατσανεβάκης (υποστήριξη οδηγού/video/φωτισμός και επιστημονική έρευνα).
• 2η ομάδα οι
Βανδώρος (φωτογραφία), Νικολαρόπουλος.
• 3η ομάδα
Οκταποδάς, Πιτσιώτης.


The penetration

Inside the gallery with the water, dressing ourselves is difficult. In a sitting, uncomfortable position, we have to dress properly. Crouched down with the soil-mud receding and dirtying us everywhere. With our drysuits, we have to put on the double tanks, the anchor tanks, ergonomically and securely place the spare pressure regulators, the manometers / depth gauges and all the rest of our peripheral equipment such as cutting tools, lighting systems, reels, tackles, etc. Unfortunately, at this moment, a clumsy movement by someone outside the gallery, at the point of the ladder, results in 2 large stones (approximately 25 x 30 cm each) rolling down and falling on us with force, resulting in one of them breaking, cutting with surgical precision the valve of the right tank's closure from my double tanks. Miraculously, despite the great damage, I have minimal gas loss. I change cylinders and we, the A team, are ready. With careful movements, we enter the water, the surface of which has become muddy and cloudy from the dirt that inevitably falls into it from our movements. Our dive begins with my two colleagues disappearing into the darkness and me placing them in the video frame.

The abyss continues downward for about 18 meters without any particular interest. We reach the bottom where the underwater cave begins to unfold before us. After Melissani we wondered what more beautiful thing we could see. And this most beautiful thing we saw a few dozen meters further on, enough to forget everything else we had seen.

As soon as we passed a bend in the cave, we encountered an amazing sight.

Along the entire right side of the path, a huge curtain of very long stalactites. Some like a torrent of needles, others like swords, incredible shapes and sizes. We carefully passed between some very large ones. Our path was right above the mito which we did not let go of our eyes for a moment. I watched the stones fall from the ceiling due to the bubbles of my pairs which moved in a completely calm and ideal way. An eel played in front of the video.

Το υπερθέαμα με το σταλακτιτικό / σταλαγμιτικό υλικό πολλών αποχρώσεων συνέχισε να ξετυλίγεται μπροστά μας. Το σπήλαιο σε κάποιο σημείο στενεύει και χρειάζεται πολύ προσοχή στην πλευστότητα για να περάσεις χωρίς να ακουμπήσεις στα τοιχώματα και να μην απασφαλίσεις τον μίτο. Περνάμε και το θέαμα συνεχίζεται, ότι και να περιγράψουμε δεν είναι δυνατόν να προσφέρει ούτε στο ελάχιστο την εικόνα και το μεγαλείο που δημιούργησε η φύση στο Χιριδόνι.

Η ομάδα επιστρέφει ακριβώς την στιγμή που το έχει σχεδιάσει σύμφωνα με τις συνθήκες και το νόμο διαχείρισης αερίων με τον οποίο σχεδίασε την κατάδυση. Η επιστροφή, μας επιφυλάσσει εκπλήξεις καθώς διαπιστώνουμε ότι πίσω μας ενώ εμείς κινηθήκαμε μακριά από το ίζημα του βυθού και την οροφή του σπηλαίου, οι φυσαλίδες μας κατέβασαν υλικό από την οροφή και έχουν θολώσει τα πάντα. Το ίζημα ένα αδιαπέραστο πέπλο που αλλάζει τελείως τα δεδομένα της εξερεύνησης μας. Τέλος η απόλαυση. Αλλά η συνέχεια μας δίνει την δυνατότητα να κάνουμε πράξη όλα αυτά που μάθαμε στην εκπαίδευση περί συνθηκών ελάχιστης ορατότητας.

The group moves slowly while I film their parallel movement with the mito. My eyes never leave the mito for a moment no matter what I do.

The depth is low in some places and for this reason we are forced to move close to the bottom of the cave which is full of huge boulders from an earlier collapse of the roof which are covered in a brown mud which is extremely sensitive. Suddenly our scientist and instructor Stelios Katsanevakis spots a bone which we examine and leave where we found it. Further down we come across a pile of bones as well as a skull of some animal whose species and age we cannot understand.

Συνεχίζεται η πορεία μας μέσα στο σκοτάδι και μπορώ να πω πώς ήταν από τις πλέον απολαυστικές στιγμές μας. Πάντα θέλαμε να ζήσουμε κάτι τέτοιο. Ξαφνικά σβήνουνε δύο κύρια φωτιστικά συστήματα και μένουμε με ένα κύριο και δύο εφεδρικά. Ο φωτισμός έχει μειωθεί πάρα πολύ και η ομάδα κινείται αργά, λεπτές δέσμες φωτός σχίζουν το σκοτάδι διασταυρώνοντας η μία την άλλη φθάνουμε στην βάση της καταβόθρας του υποβρυχίου βαράθρου εκεί από όπου ξεκινήσαμε και αρχίζουμε την ανάδυσή μας.

Above us, we dimly detected the light of the flashlight that Tsiorvas was holding so that we could better locate the exit. We emerge to the surface after doing the necessary decompression. Satisfaction is evident on all of our faces.


Τα τεχνικά στοιχεία των καταδύσεών μας Διείσδυσης (βασικά στοιχεία)

The equipment of this group consisted of at least: • 2 x 15 liters & another 2 x 12 liters (the minimum) X 220 bar on the back with manifold and isolation • 2 x 12 and another 15 liters with stage attachment in front • Dry suit with isothermal • Helmet • Shutter protector • 4 DIN pressure regulators, one of which with a long second stage • 1 main lighting system, 1 spare, 1 strobe light, 2 small flashlights in the helmet, chemical lights • At least 1 main and one spare spear • 2 cutting tools • Buoyancy regulator of 2 bags with lifting capacity • 2 Electronic Decompression Computers • and other peripheral equipment The penetration dives carried out by the members of the expedition were distinguished by restrictions and safety limits that were established from the beginning had been established. These were:• During the expedition we had defined various management methodologies with the 4 x 12 litr. and 15 x 220 bar cylinders that we had on us. For example my decision was as soon as I consumed 30 bar from each 12 litr cylinder I would start the return having 190 bar in each cylinder (having used 4 cylinders x 30 bar = 120 bar).

In this way I ensured

1) that none of my cylinders would have a reduced (different) gas pressure than another.

2) excellent psychology for gas adequacy.

3) Adequacy of return, ascent, decompression and reserve/surface gas.

Then let's assume that I was returning in bad conditions, resulting in my consumption doubling (due to an incident or negative unbalance factor) and I would use twice the gas pressure, instead of 30 bar, I would use 60 bar. Then, upon reaching the exit or ascent point, each of my cylinders would have 190 bar - 60 bar = 130 bar. I firmly believe that anyone would agree with me that my remaining gas, i.e. 4X12X130 bar = 6240 litr. would be enough for a comfortable ascent, decompression, to support my partner in case they ran out of air or had a supply interruption, and to take out a gas reserve on the surface. Minimum pressure (check point based on bar) throughout the penetration route. This means that we had set the minimum pressure that we should have for each specific moment of the dive and in the event (checking at regular intervals) that this happened (e.g. due to an increase in the consumption rate) we should stop the dive and start returning.• Maximum Time. A maximum penetration time had been set, when we reached it we would start returning.• Maximum Depth. Throughout our penetration, the team had set a maximum depth to which they would dive and would not violate it under any circumstances.• Maximum decompression time.• 1/4 Law


Excerpts from publications from Diver magazine

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